Zwivel’s Complete Guide to Dental Implant Surgery

Dental Implant Surgery

It can be difficult to feel like you’re living your best life when you’re missing a tooth. You never want to crack a full smile. You eat carefully, worried that food will hurt your gums. You notice the gap every time you look in the mirror.

But it doesn’t have to be that way. Because dental implant surgery involves replacing the tooth root, placing the implant, and attaching an artificial tooth, you can be confident the procedure is a long-term solution to get the smile you’ve always wanted.

Not only will dental implants let you eat all your favorite foods, but they will also give you the confidence to flash your full set of pearly whites whenever you smile, laugh, or pose for a picture.

What are Dental Implants?

Dental implants are artificial tooth roots, typically composed of metal posts or frames, that are surgically placed in the jawbone to provide permanent foundations for replacement teeth.

Patients can replace a single missing tooth while preserving their remaining natural teeth. Full mouth dental implants are also an option for someone who has lost several teeth to an accident or to periodontal disease.

Why Consider Dental Implants?

Aside from their effects on oral health, missing teeth may also make some patients feel insecure about their appearance. According to the American Dental Association, tooth and bone loss can make a patient’s face sag or droop, which worsens signs of aging. Other patients may feel self-conscious about smiling if they are missing teeth, and it can be harder to talk or chew.

These difficulties can ultimately detract from your quality of life, but dental implants provide a long-term resolution so that you don’t have to compromise.

Ideal Candidates

Patients with the highest success rate for dental implants are those who are missing teeth but still have relatively healthy bone structure and gum tissue. This can help ensure the long-term stability of the implants.

If you’ve lost a tooth, it’s possible that the adjacent teeth have shifted. This may result in bone loss in the area surrounding the missing tooth. Any degree of bone loss could result in the need for a bone graft, which will ultimately lengthen the duration and increase the cost of the procedure.

Some patients may not be good candidates for dental implants. If you grind or clench your teeth at night, for example, implants may not be a good choice because you’re increasing wear and tear on your teeth. Grinding and clenching with your implants means that they will likely fail sooner.

People with certain health conditions, specifically those with compromised immune systems, should seek alternatives to dental implants. This is because connective tissue diseases and autoimmune disorders can disrupt the healing of your gums, which in turn impairs osseointegration, the process of the implants fusing to the jawbone.

Can Children Get Dental Implants?

Children should not receive dental implants because their jaws are still developing. Even if your child has lost a permanent adult tooth due to an injury or accident, he or she should not consider dental implant surgery to replace a missing tooth until the jaw is fully developed.

Males should be at least 17 years old and females at least 15 years old before considering dental implant surgery.

Types of Dental Implants

There are two major types of dental implants: endosteal and subperiosteal.

Endosteal implants are surgically placed in the jawbone. After the gum tissue surrounding the implant has healed, you undergo a second surgery to connect a post to the implant. An artificial tooth is then affixed to the post. Two or more artificial teeth can also be grouped on a dental bridge or denture that attaches to the implant.

A subperiosteal implant consists of a metal frame that is placed under the gum and above the jawbone. As the gum tissue heals, the metal frame becomes fixed to the jawbone. Posts are attached to the frame and protrude through the gums, and artificial teeth are then mounted to the posts.

You also have options for the artificial teeth supported by your dental implant. Depending on your budget and how many teeth you need to replace, you can opt for fixed or removable artificial teeth.

Fixed artificial teeth, whether individual or grouped, are essentially screwed or cemented onto the mounting post and are meant to stay in place permanently. In contrast, removable teeth attached to a prosthesis (called an overdenture), similar to traditional dentures, can be detached so that you can clean and repair them when you need to. They are mounted onto a metal frame that snaps into the abutment, an extension of the implants that connects them to the artificial teeth.

You can also choose non-implant solutions, such as a tooth-supported bridge or traditional dentures. A tooth-supported bridge is a decent alternative for replacing a single tooth. This requires grinding down the healthy adjacent teeth so that the bridge can be attached to and supported by them. With traditional dentures, the bone beneath them can deteriorate over time, resulting in bone loss. Bone loss can cause changes to your smile, bite, and face.

What Does Dental Implant Surgery Involve?

There are multiple stages to dental implant surgery: the consultation, implant placement, abutment placement, and the permanent tooth.

If you are replacing a damaged tooth, then the first step is tooth extraction. If you are placing a tooth where one is missing but have undergone some degree of bone loss, then the first step will be preparing the jaw for surgery, which includes any necessary bone grafting.

If neither of these are steps are required, then the first step of the procedure is implant placement. The surgeon will make an incision in your gum, which will expose the bone so that holes can be drilled and the implant can be placed.

Oftentimes, the surgeon will give the implant time to stabilize before placing the abutment, an extension that connects the implant to the artificial tooth; however, if the implant is already fairly stable, the surgeon can place both the implant and the abutment at the same time, which eliminates one surgical step.

Whether the implant and abutment are placed at the same time or separately, the process of osseointegration must be completed before your new tooth can be attached. While the implant is in the process of fusing to your jawbone, you’ll have a temporary denture to fill in the gap where the tooth is missing. Once the soft tissue around the implant site has healed, molds of your teeth and jawbone will be taken so that the dentist can place your final replacement tooth or teeth.

Will I Need a Bone Graft?

Before undergoing dental implant surgery, you should know whether or not a bone graft will be necessary.

A bone graft is sometimes required to make sure that the implant will fuse with the jawbone. If the existing bone tissue is insufficient or too weak, then your surgeon will recommend a bone graft first. This will provide a more solid foundation for the implant so that it can handle the pressure and force of the mouth against the bone.

There are two main approaches to bone grafting prior to dental implant surgery. The first option involves the surgeon taking bone from somewhere else in your body and transplanting it to the jaw to facilitate the growth of new bone, which could take up to several months. The other option is that your surgeon will place artificial bone where necessary.

If you only need minor bone grafting, this can be done at the same time as the implant surgery. If you’ve experienced tooth and bone loss on your upper jaw, your dentist may recommend a sinus lift: the process of adding bone to your upper jaw around your molars and premolars.

Pain and Recovery

On the day of the procedure, you must take extra care of your mouth. For the first hour after surgery, keep gauze pressed tightly on the area. After the first hour, you can remove the gauze, but if the bleeding continues, you might want to consider keeping some gauze on the area and replacing it every 30-45 minutes.

After the first 24 hours, if bleeding is minimal and controlled, you can start incorporating saltwater rinses into your routine to help speed up the healing process. Swish gently and repeat every three to four hours for maximum benefit.

Keep your mouth as clean as possible to reduce the risk of infection and of dry socket, but avoid poking and prodding at the surgical area. You can brush your teeth gently, but be as careful as you can around the surgical area to avoid irritation.

As is the case with any medical procedure, it’s important to let your body rest. Avoid exercise for three to four days after the surgery, and don’t push yourself to get back to your normal routine. Wait until you’re absolutely ready. Otherwise, you may risk irritating the area, contracting an infection, and prolonging the recovery process, which is probably the last thing you want after surgery.

While recovering, it’s normal to experience oozing, bleeding, swelling, and nausea. The bleeding itself should be minimal and can be reduced by the proper positioning of gauze packs.

Swelling peaks two to three days after surgery but can be alleviated by applying ice packs on and off during the first 24 hours after surgery. Because of the combination of pain, discomfort, anesthesia, and ingested bodily fluids, you may experience some degree of nausea.

Thankfully, pain medication is prescribed after the surgical procedure to reduce discomfort. Use it properly and responsibly, and don’t forget to take pain medication before the anesthesia from the surgery wears off so that you can avoid the worst of the pain. Typically, it’s better to take pain medication after eating.

During the first few days of recovery, it’s easiest to consume only liquid or pureed foods, but if you do incorporate solid foods back into your diet, avoid extremely hot foods or crunchy foods that can become lodged in the surgical area. Consider eating soft foods, like yogurt and cooked cereals, and drinking soothing beverages.

Potential Risks and Side Effects

According to the Mayo Clinic, risks associated with dental implants include infection at the implant site, nerve damage, sinus problems, and injury or damage to other teeth or blood vessels. If you have implant surgery, then you may be at risk for peri-implant mucositis: inflammation of the soft tissue around the site of a dental implant.

Peri-implant mucositis is common and treatable, and it can be detected at regular dentist visits and examinations. If left untreated, however, it can develop into peri-implantitis, a serious complication that can result in the early loss or failure of dental implants and bone loss.

Who Should I See for the Procedure?

It’s critical that you see a credentialed implant dentist for your procedure. For something as permanent as your smile, you want to make sure that you’re being treated by a dental implant specialist with the education, training, and experience necessary to give you the best results.

Periodontists, general dentists, prosthodontists, and oral surgeons can all be credentialed, but spend enough time researching the most reputable and ethical professionals in your area before you schedule your surgery.

Don’t be afraid to ask others for advice or recommendations, and double-check that your professional of choice is covered by your insurance and considered in-network to reduce any out-of-pocket costs.

Cost of Dental Implants

Several factors influence the cost of dental implant surgery, the biggest factor being how many new teeth you’ll need. You will also need to consider the type of implants you want, how many you’ll need to support your new teeth, and the state of the bone in the area where you’ll need replacement teeth. If you have experienced severe bone loss due to missing teeth, you may need a bone graft, which can drive up the cost of the procedure.

Because of all the factors involved in estimating the cost of the procedure, many websites and resources offer a wide range of estimates. Because there are so many variables that influence the cost of the procedure — a single tooth implant can range from $3,000 to $4,500 — surgery can be expensive, especially if your insurance company won’t foot any of the bill.

While you might get sticker shock from these dollar amounts, it’s important to remember that the procedure is considered oral surgery, which means that you need a specialist with extra training and expertise. These additional credentials increase the cost, but it’s worth it so that you can have an experienced specialist working on your new teeth as opposed to a regular dentist.

Think about the nature and complexity of the procedure. You want the person who’s replacing one or more of your teeth to get your smile just right. This involves a lot of consultations, more laboratory work, and multiple finishing touches on your replacement teeth. Each step of the process costs money, and each step is critical for making sure that your artificial teeth resemble your natural teeth.

When Are Dental Implants Covered by Insurance?

This depends on your insurance carrier and the type of coverage you have. Implants are regularly denied by insurance companies, but they may offer to cover similar procedures, like dentures.

Your out-of-pocket costs may also vary according to your region or provider. Any coverage from insurance companies also depends on your annual maximum benefit, and depending on your plan, this is typically around $1,000 or $1,500.

Some plans may have higher annual maximum benefits and some may have no maximum at all, so be sure to double-check with your insurance provider and obtain a pre-treatment estimate before you schedule dental implant surgery.

Making Your Dental Implants Last

Depending on how well you take care of your dental implants, they can last a lifetime. To maximize the longevity of your implants, take proper care of your mouth, gums, and teeth, including your artificial teeth:

  • Follow your oral surgeon and dental experts’ treatment plan during recovery.

They’ll give you experienced advice to reduce pain and discomfort, speed up the recovery process, and ensure the success of your procedure.

Don’t be afraid to ask questions and listen to their recommendations, especially during the first few days or week after your surgery. This is when you’re most likely to experience discomfort, pain, infection, and complications, so following your treatment plan is the best decision you can make for your implants and the overall health of your mouth. Why spend money on dental implants if you don’t take care of them?

  • Practice good oral hygiene and dental care.

This is essential for making sure that both your natural and replacement teeth last as long as possible. Brush your teeth twice a day and floss daily. When possible, use mouthwash to help reduce plaque, preserve your gums, and keep your smile white and vibrant.

If you have sensitive teeth, consider investing in toothpaste that will strengthen and protect your enamel from corrosive foods and liquids.

  • Incorporate regular dental visits into your schedule.

By getting cleanings and exams twice a year, you can increase the chances that you’ll catch issues related to periodontal disease or tooth decay before they get too serious. In general, this will help your mouth stay clean and healthy.

Along with your routine dental care, make sure that you get X-rays of your mouth once a year so that your dentist has a better understanding of your dental health and can alert you to any areas that are at risk of decay or cavities.

  • Prioritize your overall health.

Certain health conditions can cause damage to dental implants. Smoking is a surefire way to guarantee that your dental implants will fail sooner rather than later. Diabetes in particular is known to increase the risk of implant failure.

Advanced stages of gum disease can also cause your gums to recede, which may result in bone loss and increase the likelihood of damage to your implants.

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